The Firefly is a unique insect , because of its ability to
produce light and has a potential for tourist attractions. In Malaysia, precisely in
" Kampong Kuantan" Selangor firefly populations have been used as objects
Attraction , "Firefly Park" ( http://www.firefly-selangor-msia.com ) . In Indonesia Attraction
The Firefly ( Firefly Tour) occurring in the area Lagoi , Bintan Island, Riau Islands .
The region is known to Bintan Beach International Resort ( BBIR ) . In 2004
" Firefly Tour" in this BBIR , to attract visitors and 1,000 people each
month. A traveler must pay the $ 30 for a one -way trip . old
travel about 45 minutes by using a " speed boat " . More than 2000 species of fireflies spread in the tropics and temperata.
The largest number and highest found in Tropical Asia and
North and Central America and around 170 species found in the United States . in
Malaysia has four large groups of fireflies found spread
country that is Pteroptyx , Luciola , Colophotia and Lychnuris . In Indonesia during the
Small river flows , Lagoi district , Riau Islands found two types of fireflies .
One of these species , including Genus Pteroptyx while others have not
identified . Firefly population is increasingly reduced amount. some
The last time the fireflies is very easy to find, especially in rural areas but
now very rarely seen . For some places , according to a report from
rural population has experienced a decrease in population of fireflies are very sharp ,
but never again seen. Possible presence is
threatened due to opening of the land and forests. Firefly is the common name for insects that glowed and including to the family Lampyridae , active at night ( Nocturnal ) . Firefly also
known as the firefly , lightning bugs, glowworms . Firefly has organ and
specialized cells ( Photocytes ) capable of producing light , there is a segment
2
the first or the last of the abdomen. Larvae and eggs are also reported to produce
Light . Fireflies produce light through a series of processes . Adenosine
Tripospat a source of fuel for energy Bioluminescent light . Luciferin
activated by the enzyme luciferase ( Williams , 1917 ; Lloyd 1971; Sivinski , 1981;
Carlson et . al . , 1982, Underwood et al. al . , 1997, Cock and Mattthysen , 2003). Luciferin
This active then react with oxygen . As a result of this reaction is the energy in the
light of the fireflies . Overall reactions take place in the cell fotosit
( McElroy , 1951; Burger , 2005) . Meanwhile, the Trimmer (2001 ) that the chemical process
the sealing mechanism - winking fireflies light the key is in the molecular
monooksida moderate nitrogen gas (NO ), which serves as the medium of flash signal .
NO gas can berdifusi through the cell membrane because of the very small size ,
even afford to send sinya biochemical function . Systematic classification of fireflies as follows: Phylum : Animalia , Class: Hexapoda , Ordo : Coleptera , Family: Lampyridae . Identification characteristics of family
Lampyridae , elongated shape , range 4.5-20 mm long , soft body , pronotum
broad front towards the top of the head , so the head looks widened viewed from above,
points hidden when viewed from above, the last few abdominal tarsi 5-5-5 . More than 2000 species of fireflies spread in the tropics and temperata
( Burger , 2005) . There are about 170 species found in the United States ( Bongiovanni ,
, 2001) . The largest number and highest keragamannya found in Tropical Asia and
North and Central America ( Branham , 1998). Research conducted in Brazil
found a total of 26 species of fireflies . Twenty-six species , including the
Cratomorphus genus , Aspisoma . Photinus , Macrolampis , Bicellonychia ,
Pyrogaster , Photuris , Amydetes , Lamprocera and Lucidota found in eastern
district of Sao Paulo State . This species acclimatized in tropical forest area mesophilic ,
berpayau and open acreage . As pleased Photurinae berpayau habitat and
humid environment ( Viviani , 2001). In Malaysia, there are four major groups of fireflies found in the country
This Pteroptyx namely , Luciola , Colophotia and Lychnuris ( Nallakumar , 2002). in Indonesia
accuracy of the Small River , Riau Islands found two types of fireflies . one of
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of species including Genus Pteroptyx while others have not
identified ( Rahayu and Siong , 2003). Adult fireflies , generally found in the same habitat
larvae. Most firefly species found in the area with moisture
high and warm as ponds, rivers , brackish , valleys , ditches and pastures. that
probably due to the humidity in the area longer than the county
surroundings. Nevertheless some species are found in a very
arid and dry. In this arid region of adults and larvae can be easily / quickly found after rain ( Branham , 1998). Adult firefly has a short life time . information about
Firefly food types is not clear. Some information says that
fireflies eat pollen and nectar and simply eat little or no
eat . In district four seasons , during the summer the fireflies will rest on
the tree or branches in a cool and moist throughout the day and will be active
at dusk to midnight ( Burger , 2005) . Fireflies produce light for several reasons , including: to
looking for partner / married, as a sign to warn of danger to
others and protect themselves from predators ( Branham , 1998; Bongiovanni , 2001). Each firefly species has a different light , which
distinguish them from communication with others . Color produced
green , yellow or orange depending on the species. Females will put about a hundred eggs or more items on the ground, the tree was based . The eggs will hatch in 2-4 weeks ( Smith and Mann , 1945 ) . most
firefly larvae are found in wood that has rotted or forest litter
or in moist areas beside streams and ponds at night. Several species of asia
live in the water ( in conjunction ditemukanya trakeal gills ) that live under water. Instar larval instar three to six Luciola substiata swim and live in the water.
The larvae swim speed of about 0.9 m / hr ( Fu et . Al. , 2005) . Larvae were karnifora , eating other insects, snails and " slug " . like it
aquatic larvae of the species Cratomorphus sp2 and sp2 Aspisoma a predator
Biomphalaria snails tenagophila and Stenophisa colummella ( Viviani , 2003). the larvae of
4 tropical species of the genus Pyractomena bersifa arboreal , feeding on arboreal snails and
pupanya suspend below as it leaves butterfly Chrysalis ( Lloyd, 1991 ) . flyblow
will live equivalent of one or two years ( Smith and Mann , 1945 ) .
Tuesday, 31 December 2013
Features Fireflies Have We Learned
A. Subfamily Lampyrinae Latreille ( 1817 ) .
Features Lampyrinae subfamily ,
has an elongated flat body shape , somewhat convex , the dorsal body covered
by fine hairs , setae or small spines , with body length of 5-20 mm .
Comparison of head length to head width is 1 or less than 1 . head
entirely covered by pronotum when viewed from above. Eyes composed of compound eyes
( facets ) with type ommatidium exocone , without a single point ( ocelli ) , horizontal diameter
eye diameter vertical double points . 8-15 antenna segment , its length is less than or can
achieve mid prothoraks . Type of antenna that is filiformis , moniliformis , serrate ,
pectinate , flabellate or plumosa . Anterolateral part of pronotum not harden.
Comparison of length to width elitra elitra ie from 2.52 to 3.37 . Elitra has holes
or cavities that form a vertical line and over the long term elitra body .
Epipleuron available, incomplete, or narrowed . The rear wing is growing, there
are irreducible to be short and some do not have the rear wing .
Abdomen with ventrit abdominal segments 7-8 . Tergit and sternit 7th separated by
sutura . Last abdominal segment shining , but there is also not produce light .
Lampyrinae spread almost throughout the regions of the world , but not found in
Australia and New Zealand. Biogegografi district that is Nearctic , Palearctic , Neotropical ,
Afrotropical , and Oriental . ( Lawrence et al , 2000).
Pyractonema angulata Say ( 1825 ) . Signs : elongated flat body shape , the
relatively broad middle . Male body length of 13.25 mm and 5.37 mm body width ,
whereas female body length from 11.87 to 12.74 mm ( 12.31 ± 0.62 mm ) and body width 4.26 to 6.89 mm ( 5.58 ± 1.86 mm ) . Comparison of body length to the width of the female body
1.85 to 2.79 ( 2.32 ± 0.64 ) . Male size smaller than the size of the female . comparison
head length to the width of the head is less than 1 . Antenna 9 vertebra , long reach
prothorak middle . The length of the antenna in males 3.00 mm , while the length of the antenna
in females from 3.00 to 3.12 mm ( 3.04 ± 0.08 mm ) . Type of antenna that is serrate . colored pronotum
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golden brown with red variations , the center of the triangle -shaped pronotum
brown. Long elitra male elitra 12.04 mm and width of 4.73 mm . comparison
elitra long with a width of 2.55 elitra male , while the female elitra length from 10.30 to 11.17 mm ( 10.74 ± 0.62 mm ) and a width of 3.41 to 3.50 mm elitra ( 3.46 ± 0 , 06 mm ) .
Comparison of length and width elitra elitra females from 3.02 to 3.19 ( 3.11 ± 0.17 ) . colored Elitra
black , golden brown , lateral , upper surface covered elitra fine hairs ,
whereas under elitra smooth surface , not covered with hair . Epipleuron there . wing
back in black, almost the same length as elitra . Abdomen brown ,
covered by hairs halusm , have ventrit abdominal segment 7 , abdominal segment
Glowing in the male that is segment 6 and 7 while the luminous abdominal segment in females
namely segments 5 and 6 . The light emitted is green.
B. Subfamily Luciolinae Lacordaire (1857 ) .
Features Luciolinae subfamily , has
elongated flat body shape , looks somewhat convex , the dorsal body covered
by fine hairs , setae or small spines , 4-18 mm body length .
Comparison of head length to head width is 1 or less than 1 . head
not entirely covered by pronotum when viewed from above. Eye consists of points
compound ( facets ) with type ommatidium exocone , without a single point ( ocelli ) , diameter
horizontal eye diameter vertical double points . Antenna of 11 segments , length
less than or can reach mid prothoraks . Type of antenna that is filiformis or
clavate . Anterolateral pronotum not harden. Comparison with long elitra
elitra width that is 2.56 to 6.54 . Elitra has holes or cavities that form a line
vertical , there are also pockets of this subfamily are not hollow on the elitra .
Elitra length exceeds the length of the body . Epipleuron complete , not narrowed . wing
already growing back . Abdomen with ventrit abdominal segments 5-6 . Tergit and
sternit 7th separated by sutura . Luciolinae spread in Europe , Asia , and Australia .
Biogeographical region that is Palearktik , Afrotropikal , Oriental , and Australia ( Lawrence et
al , 2000). Curtos costipennis Gorham (1880 ) . Tags : body shape of an elongated oval .
Male body length from 7.19 to 10.20 mm ( 12.54 ± 9.41 mm ) and body width 2.27 to 3.50 mm
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( 2.88 ± 0.50 mm ) . Comparison of body length and male body width from 2.91 to 3.88
( 3.29 ± 0.37 ) , whereas female body length from 9.15 to 12.30 mm ( 10.72 ± 1.09 mm ) and width
body 2.45 to 4.30 mm ( 3.48 ± 0.66 mm ) . Comparison of body length and width of the body
females from 2.76 to 3.73 ( 3.12 ± 0.31 ) . Male size smaller than the size of the female . comparison
head length to the width of the head is less than 1 . Antenna 11 segments , length of reach
prothoraks middle . Antenna length in males from 2.00 to 2.50 mm ( 2.23 ± 0.26 mm ) ,
while the length of the antenna in females from 1.75 to 3.08 mm ( 2.47 ± 0.41 mm ) . Type of antenna that is
filiformis . Pronotum pale brown . 6.84 to 9.65 mm long male elitra
( 8.24 ± 1.08 mm ) and a width of 1.75 to 3.25 mm elitra ( 2.53 ± 0.70 mm ) . comparison of long
elitra and male elitra width from 2.77 to 4.31 ( 3.38 ± 0.62 ) ( Appendix 2 ) , whereas long
elitra females from 9.59 to 10.70 mm ( 9.54 ± 0.84 mm ) and a width of 2.20 to 3.45 mm elitra ( 2.95 ± 0.41
mm ) . Comparison of length and width elitra elitra females from 2.87 to 3.70 ( 3.25 ± 0.32 ) . Elitra
yellowish brown , hollow, forming a vertical line , the upper surface
elitra covered with fine hairs , while the elitra smooth surface , not
covered with hair . The rear wing is black, almost the same length as elitra .
Abdomen brown , covered by fine hairs , have ventrit
fifth abdominal segment , a segment of the abdomen that is illuminated in the male segment 4 and 5 while the segment
that is illuminated in the female abdomen segment 4 . The light emitted yellow . Tener Pteroptyx Olivier (1902 ) . Signs : oval body shape , fat. The length of the body
male 3.55 to 5.69 mm ( 4.32 ± 0.57 mm ) and body width 0.94 to 1.98 mm ( 1.45 ± 0.29 mm ) .
Comparison of body length and male body width from 1.99 to 5.42 ( 3.12 ± 0.97 ) . whereas
female body length 4.56 mm and 1.49 mm body width . Comparison of body length
female body width 3.06 . Male size larger than the size of the female .
Comparison of head length to the width of the head is less than 1 . Antenna 11 segments ,
length not reaching middle prothoraks . Antenna length in males from 0.38 to 2.00 mm ( 0.86 ± 0.37 mm ) , while the length of the antenna on a 1.12 mm female . Type of antenna
namely filiformis . Pronotum brown. Long elitra male 2.96 to 3.90 mm ( 3.52 ± 0.27 mm ) and a width of 0.63 to 1.08 mm elitra
( 0.86 ± 0.15 mm ) . Comparison elitra long with a width from 3.51 to 6.33 male elitra
( 4.34 ± 0.82), whereas female elitra 3.79 mm long and 1.13 mm wide elitra .
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Comparison of length to width elitra female elitra 3.35 ( Appendix 2 . ) . middle
elitra reach the base of the wings brown , wingtip to mid elitra
black, upper surface covered elitra fine hairs , while
under elitra smooth surface , not covered with hair . Black rear wing
shorter than elitra . Abdomen brown , covered by fine hairs ,
have ventrit abdominal segment 5 , segment of the abdomen that is illuminated in the male segment 4 and
5 whereas abdominal segment that is illuminated in the female segment 4 . The light emitted
green.
C. Subfamily Ototretinae McDermott ( 1964).
Features Ototretinae subfamily , has
elongated flat body shape , looks somewhat convex , the dorsal body covered
by fine hairs , setae or small spines , 3-10 mm body length .
Comparison of head length to head width is 1 or less than 1 . head
not entirely covered by pronotum when viewed from above. Eye consists of points
compound ( facets ) with type ommatidium exocone , without a single point ( ocelli ) , diameter
horizontal eye diameter vertical double points . Antenna 11 segments , length less than
or can reach the mid prothoraks . Type of antenna that is filiformis , moniliformis ,
serrate , pectinate , or flabellate . Anterolateral part of pronotum not harden.
Comparison of length to width elitra elitra ie from 2.52 to 6.11 . Elitra has holes
or cavities that form a vertical line , size no longer elitra and there
shorter than body size . Epipleuron not available or incomplete. wing
already growing back , there are irreducible to be short and some are not
a rear wing . Abdomen with ventrit abdominal segments 5-7 . Tergit and sternit
7th separated by sutura . Last abdominal segment shining. subfamily Ototretinae
found in American and Oriental regions such as Japan and China , then spread to India , and Southeast Asia ( Lawrence et al , 2000). Ototretinae sp. Signs : elongated flat body shape . The length of the male body
4.13 to 7.20 mm ( 4.84 ± 4.49 mm ) and body width 1.12 to 1.95 mm ( 1.41 ± 0.21 mm ) .
Comparison of body length and male body width from 2.71 to 4.28 ( 3.45 ± 0.50 ) , whereas
female body length 5.12 to 6.60 mm ( 5.80 ± 0.74 mm ) and body width 1.93 to 2.25 mm
8
( 2.14 ± 0.18 mm ) . Comparison of body length and width of the female body from 2.55 to 2.93
( 2.71 ± 0.20) . Male size larger than the size of the female . Antenna 11 segments , length
not reach the mid prothoraks . Antenna length in males from 0.50 to 1.45 mm
( 0.90 ± 0.26 mm ) , while the length of the antenna in females from 0.75 to 1.12 mm ( 0.96 ± 0.19 mm ) .
Type of antenna that is moniliformis . Pronotum black. Long elitra exceed
body length . Long elitra male 3.25 to 6.40 mm ( 4.28 ± 0.98 mm ) and width elitra 0.65 to 1.45 mm ( 0.94 ± 0.24 mm ) . Comparison of length to width elitra elitra males from 3.70 to 5.61 ( 4.60 ± 0.74 ) , whereas female elitra 4.50 to 4.71 mm long ( 4.62 ± 0.11 mm ) and
elitra width 1.07 to 1.25 mm ( 2.58 ± 0.09 mm ) . Comparison of length and width elitra elitra
females from 3.73 to 4.40 ( 4.09 ± 0.34 ) . Elitra black, upper surface covered elitra
fine hairs , while the elitra smooth surface , not covered with hair .
Epipleuron there . Black rear wing shorter than elitra . abdomen
black, covered by fine hairs , have ventrit abdominal segment 5 ,
abdominal segment that is illuminated in the male segment 4 and 5 while the abdominal segment
that is illuminated in the female segment 4 . The light emitted is green. Llyod
( 1991 ) reported that a group Ototretinae in Florida are generally active in
March - April . Firefly Ototretinae sp. similar to fireflies Phausis
reticulata is a small body , and from 3.00 to 8.50 mm in length . Black body color ,
called " black tiny firefly " . America is known as "blue ghost " because
light flashes green, found in Europe , the Americas ( Mayor, 2006) , and
Asia ( Babu , 2002). Other types are also similar to fireflies Ototretinae sp.
namely Lamprohiza splendidula featuring black body color , antennae moniliformis ,
but measurements have longer wings and are shorter than the size
body . This type is found in Japan ( Ohba , 1997).
Features Lampyrinae subfamily ,
has an elongated flat body shape , somewhat convex , the dorsal body covered
by fine hairs , setae or small spines , with body length of 5-20 mm .
Comparison of head length to head width is 1 or less than 1 . head
entirely covered by pronotum when viewed from above. Eyes composed of compound eyes
( facets ) with type ommatidium exocone , without a single point ( ocelli ) , horizontal diameter
eye diameter vertical double points . 8-15 antenna segment , its length is less than or can
achieve mid prothoraks . Type of antenna that is filiformis , moniliformis , serrate ,
pectinate , flabellate or plumosa . Anterolateral part of pronotum not harden.
Comparison of length to width elitra elitra ie from 2.52 to 3.37 . Elitra has holes
or cavities that form a vertical line and over the long term elitra body .
Epipleuron available, incomplete, or narrowed . The rear wing is growing, there
are irreducible to be short and some do not have the rear wing .
Abdomen with ventrit abdominal segments 7-8 . Tergit and sternit 7th separated by
sutura . Last abdominal segment shining , but there is also not produce light .
Lampyrinae spread almost throughout the regions of the world , but not found in
Australia and New Zealand. Biogegografi district that is Nearctic , Palearctic , Neotropical ,
Afrotropical , and Oriental . ( Lawrence et al , 2000).
Pyractonema angulata Say ( 1825 ) . Signs : elongated flat body shape , the
relatively broad middle . Male body length of 13.25 mm and 5.37 mm body width ,
whereas female body length from 11.87 to 12.74 mm ( 12.31 ± 0.62 mm ) and body width 4.26 to 6.89 mm ( 5.58 ± 1.86 mm ) . Comparison of body length to the width of the female body
1.85 to 2.79 ( 2.32 ± 0.64 ) . Male size smaller than the size of the female . comparison
head length to the width of the head is less than 1 . Antenna 9 vertebra , long reach
prothorak middle . The length of the antenna in males 3.00 mm , while the length of the antenna
in females from 3.00 to 3.12 mm ( 3.04 ± 0.08 mm ) . Type of antenna that is serrate . colored pronotum
5
golden brown with red variations , the center of the triangle -shaped pronotum
brown. Long elitra male elitra 12.04 mm and width of 4.73 mm . comparison
elitra long with a width of 2.55 elitra male , while the female elitra length from 10.30 to 11.17 mm ( 10.74 ± 0.62 mm ) and a width of 3.41 to 3.50 mm elitra ( 3.46 ± 0 , 06 mm ) .
Comparison of length and width elitra elitra females from 3.02 to 3.19 ( 3.11 ± 0.17 ) . colored Elitra
black , golden brown , lateral , upper surface covered elitra fine hairs ,
whereas under elitra smooth surface , not covered with hair . Epipleuron there . wing
back in black, almost the same length as elitra . Abdomen brown ,
covered by hairs halusm , have ventrit abdominal segment 7 , abdominal segment
Glowing in the male that is segment 6 and 7 while the luminous abdominal segment in females
namely segments 5 and 6 . The light emitted is green.
B. Subfamily Luciolinae Lacordaire (1857 ) .
Features Luciolinae subfamily , has
elongated flat body shape , looks somewhat convex , the dorsal body covered
by fine hairs , setae or small spines , 4-18 mm body length .
Comparison of head length to head width is 1 or less than 1 . head
not entirely covered by pronotum when viewed from above. Eye consists of points
compound ( facets ) with type ommatidium exocone , without a single point ( ocelli ) , diameter
horizontal eye diameter vertical double points . Antenna of 11 segments , length
less than or can reach mid prothoraks . Type of antenna that is filiformis or
clavate . Anterolateral pronotum not harden. Comparison with long elitra
elitra width that is 2.56 to 6.54 . Elitra has holes or cavities that form a line
vertical , there are also pockets of this subfamily are not hollow on the elitra .
Elitra length exceeds the length of the body . Epipleuron complete , not narrowed . wing
already growing back . Abdomen with ventrit abdominal segments 5-6 . Tergit and
sternit 7th separated by sutura . Luciolinae spread in Europe , Asia , and Australia .
Biogeographical region that is Palearktik , Afrotropikal , Oriental , and Australia ( Lawrence et
al , 2000). Curtos costipennis Gorham (1880 ) . Tags : body shape of an elongated oval .
Male body length from 7.19 to 10.20 mm ( 12.54 ± 9.41 mm ) and body width 2.27 to 3.50 mm
6
( 2.88 ± 0.50 mm ) . Comparison of body length and male body width from 2.91 to 3.88
( 3.29 ± 0.37 ) , whereas female body length from 9.15 to 12.30 mm ( 10.72 ± 1.09 mm ) and width
body 2.45 to 4.30 mm ( 3.48 ± 0.66 mm ) . Comparison of body length and width of the body
females from 2.76 to 3.73 ( 3.12 ± 0.31 ) . Male size smaller than the size of the female . comparison
head length to the width of the head is less than 1 . Antenna 11 segments , length of reach
prothoraks middle . Antenna length in males from 2.00 to 2.50 mm ( 2.23 ± 0.26 mm ) ,
while the length of the antenna in females from 1.75 to 3.08 mm ( 2.47 ± 0.41 mm ) . Type of antenna that is
filiformis . Pronotum pale brown . 6.84 to 9.65 mm long male elitra
( 8.24 ± 1.08 mm ) and a width of 1.75 to 3.25 mm elitra ( 2.53 ± 0.70 mm ) . comparison of long
elitra and male elitra width from 2.77 to 4.31 ( 3.38 ± 0.62 ) ( Appendix 2 ) , whereas long
elitra females from 9.59 to 10.70 mm ( 9.54 ± 0.84 mm ) and a width of 2.20 to 3.45 mm elitra ( 2.95 ± 0.41
mm ) . Comparison of length and width elitra elitra females from 2.87 to 3.70 ( 3.25 ± 0.32 ) . Elitra
yellowish brown , hollow, forming a vertical line , the upper surface
elitra covered with fine hairs , while the elitra smooth surface , not
covered with hair . The rear wing is black, almost the same length as elitra .
Abdomen brown , covered by fine hairs , have ventrit
fifth abdominal segment , a segment of the abdomen that is illuminated in the male segment 4 and 5 while the segment
that is illuminated in the female abdomen segment 4 . The light emitted yellow . Tener Pteroptyx Olivier (1902 ) . Signs : oval body shape , fat. The length of the body
male 3.55 to 5.69 mm ( 4.32 ± 0.57 mm ) and body width 0.94 to 1.98 mm ( 1.45 ± 0.29 mm ) .
Comparison of body length and male body width from 1.99 to 5.42 ( 3.12 ± 0.97 ) . whereas
female body length 4.56 mm and 1.49 mm body width . Comparison of body length
female body width 3.06 . Male size larger than the size of the female .
Comparison of head length to the width of the head is less than 1 . Antenna 11 segments ,
length not reaching middle prothoraks . Antenna length in males from 0.38 to 2.00 mm ( 0.86 ± 0.37 mm ) , while the length of the antenna on a 1.12 mm female . Type of antenna
namely filiformis . Pronotum brown. Long elitra male 2.96 to 3.90 mm ( 3.52 ± 0.27 mm ) and a width of 0.63 to 1.08 mm elitra
( 0.86 ± 0.15 mm ) . Comparison elitra long with a width from 3.51 to 6.33 male elitra
( 4.34 ± 0.82), whereas female elitra 3.79 mm long and 1.13 mm wide elitra .
7
Comparison of length to width elitra female elitra 3.35 ( Appendix 2 . ) . middle
elitra reach the base of the wings brown , wingtip to mid elitra
black, upper surface covered elitra fine hairs , while
under elitra smooth surface , not covered with hair . Black rear wing
shorter than elitra . Abdomen brown , covered by fine hairs ,
have ventrit abdominal segment 5 , segment of the abdomen that is illuminated in the male segment 4 and
5 whereas abdominal segment that is illuminated in the female segment 4 . The light emitted
green.
C. Subfamily Ototretinae McDermott ( 1964).
Features Ototretinae subfamily , has
elongated flat body shape , looks somewhat convex , the dorsal body covered
by fine hairs , setae or small spines , 3-10 mm body length .
Comparison of head length to head width is 1 or less than 1 . head
not entirely covered by pronotum when viewed from above. Eye consists of points
compound ( facets ) with type ommatidium exocone , without a single point ( ocelli ) , diameter
horizontal eye diameter vertical double points . Antenna 11 segments , length less than
or can reach the mid prothoraks . Type of antenna that is filiformis , moniliformis ,
serrate , pectinate , or flabellate . Anterolateral part of pronotum not harden.
Comparison of length to width elitra elitra ie from 2.52 to 6.11 . Elitra has holes
or cavities that form a vertical line , size no longer elitra and there
shorter than body size . Epipleuron not available or incomplete. wing
already growing back , there are irreducible to be short and some are not
a rear wing . Abdomen with ventrit abdominal segments 5-7 . Tergit and sternit
7th separated by sutura . Last abdominal segment shining. subfamily Ototretinae
found in American and Oriental regions such as Japan and China , then spread to India , and Southeast Asia ( Lawrence et al , 2000). Ototretinae sp. Signs : elongated flat body shape . The length of the male body
4.13 to 7.20 mm ( 4.84 ± 4.49 mm ) and body width 1.12 to 1.95 mm ( 1.41 ± 0.21 mm ) .
Comparison of body length and male body width from 2.71 to 4.28 ( 3.45 ± 0.50 ) , whereas
female body length 5.12 to 6.60 mm ( 5.80 ± 0.74 mm ) and body width 1.93 to 2.25 mm
8
( 2.14 ± 0.18 mm ) . Comparison of body length and width of the female body from 2.55 to 2.93
( 2.71 ± 0.20) . Male size larger than the size of the female . Antenna 11 segments , length
not reach the mid prothoraks . Antenna length in males from 0.50 to 1.45 mm
( 0.90 ± 0.26 mm ) , while the length of the antenna in females from 0.75 to 1.12 mm ( 0.96 ± 0.19 mm ) .
Type of antenna that is moniliformis . Pronotum black. Long elitra exceed
body length . Long elitra male 3.25 to 6.40 mm ( 4.28 ± 0.98 mm ) and width elitra 0.65 to 1.45 mm ( 0.94 ± 0.24 mm ) . Comparison of length to width elitra elitra males from 3.70 to 5.61 ( 4.60 ± 0.74 ) , whereas female elitra 4.50 to 4.71 mm long ( 4.62 ± 0.11 mm ) and
elitra width 1.07 to 1.25 mm ( 2.58 ± 0.09 mm ) . Comparison of length and width elitra elitra
females from 3.73 to 4.40 ( 4.09 ± 0.34 ) . Elitra black, upper surface covered elitra
fine hairs , while the elitra smooth surface , not covered with hair .
Epipleuron there . Black rear wing shorter than elitra . abdomen
black, covered by fine hairs , have ventrit abdominal segment 5 ,
abdominal segment that is illuminated in the male segment 4 and 5 while the abdominal segment
that is illuminated in the female segment 4 . The light emitted is green. Llyod
( 1991 ) reported that a group Ototretinae in Florida are generally active in
March - April . Firefly Ototretinae sp. similar to fireflies Phausis
reticulata is a small body , and from 3.00 to 8.50 mm in length . Black body color ,
called " black tiny firefly " . America is known as "blue ghost " because
light flashes green, found in Europe , the Americas ( Mayor, 2006) , and
Asia ( Babu , 2002). Other types are also similar to fireflies Ototretinae sp.
namely Lamprohiza splendidula featuring black body color , antennae moniliformis ,
but measurements have longer wings and are shorter than the size
body . This type is found in Japan ( Ohba , 1997).
Firefly Or Lightning Bug
Firefly or lightning bug is an insect which is close to the Asian community , particularly in Malaysia , let us know more about this insect , insects dijumapai increasingly difficult , due to pollution , especially water pollution.
Fireflies is one of the largest insect in the insect kingdom Coleoptera
Have only two wings , just like a fly than other insects have two pairs of wings.
Has nearly 2000 species living area with most tropical or sub-tropical .
Lights flicker comes from the abdomen , as a result of a chemical reaction called Bioluminescent .
larvae , fireflies glow.
Do not be surprised if the fireflies glowing even in the form of eggs or larvae.
Light serves as a communication tool between the firefly males and females in the mating process .
Each species has a mating signal tertsendiri , which vary in color , shape and panjannya light beam .
Almost most of firefly highly dependent on wetlands , such as swamps bakau.Oleh is why they need the juicy , always clean from pollution
Just being able to live for a period of 2 weeks, the fireflies will be laying on the ground, before he died.
there is also a firefly or female fireflies emit light that is very attractive , male fireflies who was eventually killed by their own , like a spider blck widow.Contohnya like Photuris firefly species .
There is scientific evidence to state or firefly larvae have toxic poisonous especially larvae .
In Malaysia firefly could become a tourist attraction , especially ecotourism
Some areas like Kampung Kuantan or Kuala Selangor , Kampung Ibok ( Kijal Kemaman ) , mangrove forest in Matang ( Perak )
What is most important , pollution and development in mangrove areas must be monitored , as the fireflies are very sensitive to pollution .
Fireflies is one of the largest insect in the insect kingdom Coleoptera
Have only two wings , just like a fly than other insects have two pairs of wings.
Has nearly 2000 species living area with most tropical or sub-tropical .
Lights flicker comes from the abdomen , as a result of a chemical reaction called Bioluminescent .
larvae , fireflies glow.
Do not be surprised if the fireflies glowing even in the form of eggs or larvae.
Light serves as a communication tool between the firefly males and females in the mating process .
Each species has a mating signal tertsendiri , which vary in color , shape and panjannya light beam .
Almost most of firefly highly dependent on wetlands , such as swamps bakau.Oleh is why they need the juicy , always clean from pollution
Just being able to live for a period of 2 weeks, the fireflies will be laying on the ground, before he died.
there is also a firefly or female fireflies emit light that is very attractive , male fireflies who was eventually killed by their own , like a spider blck widow.Contohnya like Photuris firefly species .
There is scientific evidence to state or firefly larvae have toxic poisonous especially larvae .
In Malaysia firefly could become a tourist attraction , especially ecotourism
Some areas like Kampung Kuantan or Kuala Selangor , Kampung Ibok ( Kijal Kemaman ) , mangrove forest in Matang ( Perak )
What is most important , pollution and development in mangrove areas must be monitored , as the fireflies are very sensitive to pollution .
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